From Farm to City: Unveiling the Drivers of Rural-Urban Youth Migration in Jimma Zone

Abstract

Ethiopia, like many developing nations, witnesses a surge in rural-to-urban youth migration. This study explores the situation of Jimma, a region with a booming coffee industry but limited prospects for young people. Although there is no denying that economic disparities plays a role, this study takes a more comprehensive approach. It employs a mixed-methods approach using surveys, interviews, and focus groups to explore the "push" and "pull" factors driving migration. On the "push" side, the study looks at problems including rural Jimma's restricted access to essential services like healthcare and education, the fragmentation of the land, and the absence of varied employment opportunities outside of agriculture. Regarding the "pull" aspect, it examines the allure of urban facilities, the possibility of a markedly elevated salary, and the impact of social networks formed by previous migrants who have already relocated. It explores the goals, perceptions of risk, and even the gendered perspectives of young individuals thinking about making this potentially life-changing choice. The objective is to have a deeper comprehension of the reasons behind migration. Aside from identifying important causes, the study examines the impact on migrants, families, and communities. Finally, this comprehensive study guides the development of tailored interventions that resonate with rural youth aspirations, guiding policymakers toward solutions that create a harmonious future that includes both sustainable urban expansion and stronger rural livelihoods.