Maternal Health Care Services Access Index and Infant Survival in Nigeria

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Infant mortality rate in Nigeria is among the highest world-wide. Utilization of modernhealth care facilities during pregnancy and at delivery reduces infant mortality rate. We examined therelationship between Infant Mortality (IM) and Maternal Health Care Services Access Index (MHCI) inNigeria.METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized 2013 NDHS data and included women aged 15-49 years(n=12511). MHCI was obtained from information on antenatal visit, antenatal attendance, tetanus toxoidinjection during pregnancy, place of delivery and birth attendance. Cox-proportional hazard and Brassmodels were used for the analysis (α=0.05).RESULTS: Mean MHCI was higher among women with lower prevalence of IM. About 5.1% and 3.4%of the women with none and complete MHCI had experienced infant deaths respectively. The hazard ofexperienced infant deaths was 1.497(1.068-2.098) and 1.466(1.170-1.836) significantly higher amongwomen with no and low MHCI respectively than those with complete MHCI. This pattern was observedwhen other factors were used as control. The refined IM probability (range=0.0482-0.1102) and IM rates(range=50-119) increased with reduction in the level of MHCI. The IM rate reduces from 119 per 1,000live births among women whose MHCI score was zero to 50 per 1,000 live births among those withcomplete MHCI score.CONCLUSION: Infant death was least experienced among women who had complete MHCI. If womenoptimize utilization of health facility during pregnancy and delivery, infant deaths will reduce in Nigeria.